مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال هجدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 123، تیر 1398)

Headache is one of the most common complaints in neurology clinics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of rumination in moderating the relationship between perfectionism and disability of tension-type headache. The current study was descriptive. The population consisted of all tension headache patients referred to the ten clinics of Shahin Shahr from March 21st to July 22nd, 2017. 80 patients with tension headache were selected through convenience sampling method. For data collection Jacobson’s Headache Disability Inventory, Terry- Short’s Positive & Negative Perfectionism Questionnaire, and Yousefi’s Depressive Rumination Inventory were used. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that rumination plays a significant role in moderating the relationship between negative and positive perfectionism and disability of headache in the total sample (p=0.001). The role of rumination in moderating the relationship between negative perfectionism and disability of headache was also significant in women (p=0.001) and men (p=0.017). But the role of rumination in moderating the relationship between positive perfectionism and disability of headache in men and women was not significant. According to the results, it can generally be said that the role of rumination in moderating the relationship between negative perfectionism and disability of headache in women was significant.

Frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder is one of the most common diseases of the shoulder. In this diseases capsule of shoulder is stiff, shortening, adhesive, painful and frozen. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on treatment of frozen shoulder. This single-blind clinical trial was performed in Fathemieh physiotherapy Clinic in Rafsanjan in 2017. Seventy-five patients conflicted to frozen shoulder were randomly divided into three equal groups of  25. The first, second and third groups received EA, LLLT and conventional therapy (CT), respectively during 10 sessions. Intensity of pain and range of motions were assessed during the first, fifth and tenth sessions and 1 month after the end of treatment. Pain intensity and range of motions were evaluated by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and goniometer. Data was analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA along with Tukey’s post hoc test and Chi-square test. The findings of this study showed that EA during 10 sessions was more effective than LLLT and CT in reduction of pain in frozen shoulder (p˂0.001). Also in relation to the improvement of range of motion for frozen shoulder, EA was more effective than LLLT and CT (p˂0.001). According to this study, it seems that during 10 sessions EA might be more effective than LLLT and CT in reducing pain and improving range of motion in frozen shoulder.

Considering the resistance of the Plasmodium parasite (the causative agent of Malaria) to antimalarial drugs, it is essential to find an alternative medicine for treating patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the antimalarial effect of Zingiber Officinale hydroalcoholic extract on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. In this experimental study, a number of 40 mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei and treated with different concentrations of the hydro-alcoholic extract of ginger plant (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mg/ml) for four consecutive days. Toxicity testing was performed on liver and kidneys (hepatic and renal tissues) of mice. Finally, Data were statistically analyzed using the paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of this study showed that the hydro-alcoholic extract of ginger at a therapeutic dose of 250 mg/kg, had a suppressive effect (62%) on the growth of parasite in the mice, which was significantly different from the control group (p<0.05). The highest survival rate in the mice was at a concentration of 250 mg/kg with an average of 24± 2 days, which was significantly different from the other treatment groups (p<0.05). Comparing liver and kidney of mice with the negative control group showed that the extract had no toxicity for these organs (p=0.071). Considering the treatment effect (62%) of Ginger plant on the mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, further researches on the use of this plant in the treatment of malaria parasite with increasing the therapeutic dosage of the drug or preparation of various chloroformic and water extracts of the plant is recommended.

Since the myofascial pain syndrome is a common condition in the trapezius muscle, the present study aimed to determine and compare the effects of laser therapy, exercise and medication among patients diagnosed with myofascial pain syndrome of the upper trapezius muscle, referred to the clinics of physical medicine in Isfahan in 2013. In this clinical trial study, 44 patients were randomly assigned to an exercise-medication treatment group (24 individuals) and a laser-exercise-medication treatment group (20 individuals). Symptoms were assessed based on Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS) , Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPDI) in three stages including before treatment, subsequently after treatment and one month after treatment. Independent t-test and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the statistical data. A significant difference was found among the studied groups before and after starting treatment for VAS, NDI and SPDI indices (p<0.001). However, laser therapy provided a higher effect on VAS in comparison with the control group subsequently after treatment (p=0.032). Nevertheless, evaluation after one month from treatment did not show a significant difference in the 2 treatment methods for the three indices (p>0.05). According to the results, exercise-medication therapy and laser-exercise-medication therapy may result in similar effects for relieving pain and eliminating symptoms in patients with myofascial pain syndrome in long-term, but subsequently after treatment, laser-exercise-medication therapy provides a higher effect on VAS.

Eating disorders include a range of illnesses associated with weight gain or weight loss. Studies show that this disorder begins in the middle to late adolescence (14-18 years old) and is also more prevalent in female sex. The purpose of this study was designing and testing a model of antecedents of eating disorders symptoms in undergraduate female students of Isfahan University in 2017. In this descriptive study, 497 undergraduate female students of Isfahan University in 2017 were selected by multistage sampling method and responded to five research scales. In the research proposed model, eating disorder beliefs, perfectionism, self-esteem and body image concern were considered as the antecedent variables. To test the research conceptual model, structural equation modeling was applied using maximum likelihood estimation method. The results of the analysis showed that the fit indices for the research model were in an acceptable range. Also, these results showed that all direct paths in the research model were statistically significant (p≤0.05). The results of studying the indirect paths of the research model were also statistically significant (p≤0.05). The results showed formation of eating disorder symptoms through cognitive and personality variables in an Iranian sample. Therefore, in preventing and planning for the treatment of these patients, it seems necessary to attend to the set of these factors.

Since oral ulcers impair normal oral function of the individual, finding ways to accelerate the process of wound healing is necessary. Chamomilla recutita (CR) is an herbal plant that has beneficial effects on healing wounds. This study was conducted to compare the effect of CR mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine on linear oral ulcer healing in rats. For this experimental study, 24 male rats were selected and general anesthesia was done. Then the linear ulcers were made in the central region of the tongue, at a depth of 1 mm and limited to the mucosa. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: control (chlorhexidine mouthwash) and target (CR mouthwash). Each group was randomly divided into three subgroups, and the animals were sacrificed on days 3, 7 and 10. Subjects were then sampled from the lingual region and examined by the pathologist in terms of the extent of granulation tissue, angiogenesis, mean number of fibroblasts, neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, and the results were recorded. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Both mouthwashes acted to the same extent to accelerate the repair process. And except for the percentage of macrophages on the third day (p= 0.028), other variables did not show any significant difference. Due to the similar effects of CR and Chlorhexidine 2% on oral wound healing and less side effects of the herbal mouthwashes, CR mouthwash Since oral ulcers impair normal oral function of the individual, finding ways to accelerate the process of wound healing is necessary. Chamomilla recutita (CR) is an herbal plant that has beneficial effects on healing wounds. This study was conducted to compare the effect of CR mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine on linear oral ulcer healing in rats. For this experimental study, 24 male rats were selected and general anesthesia was done. Then the linear ulcers were made in the central region of the tongue, at a depth of 1 mm and limited to the mucosa. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: control (chlorhexidine mouthwash) and target (CR mouthwash). Each group was randomly divided into three subgroups, and the animals were sacrificed on days 3, 7 and 10. Subjects were then sampled from the lingual region and examined by the pathologist in terms of the extent of granulation tissue, angiogenesis, mean number of fibroblasts, neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, and the results were recorded. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Both mouthwashes acted to the same extent to accelerate the repair process. And except for the percentage of macrophages on the third day (p= 0.028), other variables did not show any significant difference. Due to the similar effects of CR and Chlorhexidine 2% on oral wound healing and less side effects of the herbal mouthwashes, CR mouthwash can be used instead of chlorhexidine 2% to accelerate the oral linear wound healing.n Univ Med Sci 2019; 18 (4): 391-400 [Farsi]

Small groups that gather to learn a specific topic or solve a problem bring golden teaching opportunities with extraordinary outcomes if being properly used. This happens since teaching in small groups is among the most effective approaches in teaching that can be highly efficient in learning. Small groups that may form at the very least with two members and can expand up to thirty members have potentials to facilitate teaching and learning activities. There are divers teaching methods which are suggested to be used in small groups. The aim of the current study is to introduce some of these methods which are considered the most important ones.

The quantitative and qualitative data on urban solid waste is one of the essential steps in the scientific management of solid waste. The purpose of this study was to survey the qualitative and quantitative production of solid waste in Mashhad. In this descriptive study, in order to examine the quality of the samples, the separated materials were weighed. For physical analysis, samples were randomly assigned to a volume of 0.125m3 inside the density gauge. Solid wastes  were sorted according to the type and placed in the nylon and weighed. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. According to the results,the mean of the solid waste produced in summer was 2190 ± 126.17 and in winter 1890 ± 100.63 tons per day. The highest amount of waste was related to corrosive materials and the minimum amount pertaining to glass.  The highest type of heavy metal in the leach of Mashhad city was Ni (3.1 mg/L). Due to high amount of garbage materials in solid waste, compost production is recommended to be attended.